Zeziphi izinto ezinempembelelo yokuNxitywa kweCeramics?
Ukunxiba-izixhobo zeseramikhi ezixhathisayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimimandla yokusila kunye nemathiriyeli yokupolisha, ukunxiba{1}}iingubo ezixhathisayo, iileyile zangaphakathi zemibhobho okanye izixhobo, kunye nezahlulo zesakhiwo, njl.njl Ukunxiba okuqhelekileyo-izixhobo ze-ceramic ezixhathisayo ziquka i-zirconia, i-alumina, i-cubic boron nitride, i-silicon nitride, i-boron carbide, i-silicon carbide, njl.
Ukuze ufumane-imathiriyeli ekwaziyo ukumelana ne-ceramic enokumelana ngcono nokunxiba, abaphengululi abaninzi baye bafunda indlela yokunxiba yemathiriyeli ye-ceramic kunye nezinto eziphembelela ukunxitywa kweeseramics. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-ceramics kuchaphazeleka zizinto ezimbini, enye yisakhiwo sezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye enye yimiba yangaphandle efana nomthwalo, ubushushu kunye nomoya.
Iziphumo zeempawu zoomatshini ekuxhathiseni ukunxitywa kweekeramics
Kuphando lwangaphambili lokunxiba-ipropathi exhathisayo yemathiriyeli yeseramikhi, kukholelwa ukuba ukuqina kwemathiriyeli yeceramic kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nepropathi yokunxiba. Kamva kwafunyaniswa ukuba unxulumano phakathi kobulukhuni kunye nokuguga kweeseramikhi kwakungabonakali kangako. Umzekelo, ukuqina kweeseramics ze-alumina kuphezulu kune-TZP zirconia zekeramics, kodwa ukuxhathisa ukunxitywa akukho nto iphakamileyo kune-ceramics ye-TZP.
Nangona ubulukhuni bunokubonisa amandla okubopha umda wengqolowa ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, ukunxiba kuyenziwa ekugqibeleni ngenxa yezinto eziqhawulayo ukusuka kwindawo yokunxiba, ngoko ke ukuqina kwezinto ze-ceramic akusasetyenziswa njengesalathiso sokuxela kwangaphambili ukulinganisa ukunxiba. Olunye uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ngokuphuculwa kokuqina kokuqina kunye nobunzima bezinto eziphathekayo, isantya sokunxiba seekeramics siyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kungcono.
Iimpembelelo ze-microstructure kwi-resisance resistance of ceramics
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-microstructure yezinto eziphathekayo zihlala zinempembelelo enkulu kwiipropati ze-macroscopic zezinto. Imathiriyeli yeCeramic ngumzimba oxutyiweyo owenziwe ngeenkozo kunye{1}}nekristale, kwaye ubume bayo obuncinci buhlala bumisela iimpawu zayo ezinkulu. Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kokunxiba kwezixhobo ze-ceramic kuhambelana kakhulu nobukhulu bengqolowa, ukubunjwa kwesigaba somda wengqolowa, ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo kumda wengqolowa, iipores kunye nezinye i-microstructures.
Ubungakanani beenkozo
Kwishishini, izinto zetsimbi zinokuphucula iimpawu zabo zomatshini ngokucokisa iinkozo, ezibizwa ngokuba kukuqinisa iinkozo. Umgaqo oyintloko kukuba umncinci ubungakanani bengqolowa, inkulu indawo yomda wengqolowa kunye ne-zigzag yokusabalalisa umda weenkozo, ezinokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo indlela yokukhula kwee-crack kwaye ilungele ukugxininiswa koxinzelelo kwizinto ezisasaziweyo. Kufunyaniswa ukuba ukucocwa kweenkozo kunempembelelo ethile ekuchaseni ukugqoka kwezinto ze-ceramic.
I-Porosity
I-Porosity inefuthe elibaluleke kakhulu kwiipropati ze-ceramics. I-pore ilingana nobukho besiphene, esiya kubangela ukugxininiswa koxinzelelo, ukukhawulezisa ukwandiswa kokuqhekeka kunye nokunciphisa amandla okudibanisa phakathi kweenkozo, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela ngokunzulu iipropati zomatshini we-ceramics. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sokungqubuzana, ii-pores zinokuthi zidibanise omnye nomnye ukuze zenze umthombo wokuqhekeka, okhawuleza ukugqoka izinto eziphathekayo.
Isigaba somda wokuziinkozo kunye nokungacoceki kwe-intercrystalline
I-Ceramics yenziwe ngeenkozo, izigaba zomda weenkozo, kunye neepores. Kwinkqubo ye-sintering, ezinye izongezo kunye nokungcola okongeziweyo kwiikeramics zihlala zikhona kumda wengqolowa ngendlela "yesigaba sesibini" okanye "isigaba seglasi", kwaye ubukho babo buya kuchaphazela amandla okudibanisa phakathi kweenkozo. Ngexesha lokungqubuzana kwe-ceramic kunye nokugqoka, ukuqhekeka kunokwenzeka ngokulula kumda wengqolowa. Amandla aphantsi okudibanisa imida yeenkozo kuya kubangela ukuphuka kunye nengqolowa ngexesha lenkqubo yokunxiba, okuya kubangela ukutsalwa kwengqolowa kwaye kubangele ukugqoka okukhulu.
I-additive ye-polycrystalline ceramics ngokuqhelekileyo ikhona kumda wengqolowa ngendlela yesigaba seglasi. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhuhlana, ubushushu obuphezulu obubangelwayo bunciphisa i-viscosity yeglasi, okukhokelela kwi-deformation yeplastiki. Ukuba uxinzelelo lomda wengqolowa osondeleyo alufanelekanga, luya kubangela ukuqhekeka kumda weenkozo kwaye kubangele ukugqoka okukhulu.
Ukuba isixa esifanelekileyo sezongezo sinokwenza isigaba sesibini kumda wengqolowa, ngokuqhelekileyo kunenzuzo ekuchaseni ukunxiba kwezinto. Umzekelo, ukongeza i-zirconia kwi-alumina ukwenza i-zirconia iqinile i-alumina ceramics, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ZTA ceramics. Njengoko ukwanda kwe-T-uxinzelelo lwe-ZrO2 olubangela uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo lunceda ekuphuculeni ukuqina kokuqina kunye namandla ezinto ze-ceramic, i-zirconia kunye ne-alumina inokuthintela ukukhula kweenkozo kunye nokufezekisa umphumo we-micro{4}}ikristale ngokwemiqathango ye-microstructure, ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukuxhathisa ukunxiba.
